Don't Be A Doeg! (Psalm 52 and A Contentious Society)

Recently, I posted this reflection on Psalm 52 on my Honest2God blog.  However, the situation described in 1 Samuel 22 and David's reaction in Psalm 52 speak by analogy and metaphor rather cogently to the contentiousness of our current cultural/political context. So I am reposting that article here. 

Doeg, slaying the priests at Nob
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This psalm is one of the few written in which we know the specific context that provoked its writing. This psalm is David’s poetic response, where he processed the betrayal and horrific actions of Saul’s head herdsman, Doeg the Edomite. Not only did Doeg rat out David’s location to the increasingly paranoid Saul, but he murdered eighty-five innocent priests serving at the Tabernacle. The sad narrative of betrayal, misplaced retribution, and a significant slaughter is found in 1 Samuel 22:6-23. It is a narrative all too common down through history. Times when those in power, fearing the loss of that power, act unjustly towards those they perceive as enemies. Some balk at carrying such orders as Saul gave that day (22:17), but there are always wicked people with no such qualms. Not only were eighty-five priests killed at Doeg’s hand, but all but one in Nob, their priestly city, were slain. “Both man and woman, child and infant, ox, donkey and sheep, he put to the sword.” (22:19).

Against this backdrop, David writes the words of this short psalm. The opening verses poetically describe Doeg the worker of destruction, particularly focusing on what he had said. The description indicates that Doeg said more than the brief report in 1 Sam. 22:9-10.

“I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, and he inquired of the Lord for him and gave him provisions and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”

These words sound like a simple report of the facts. However, David’s description suggests that much more was involved, either in its content or its intent.

Why do you boast of evil, O mighty man?
    The steadfast love of God endures all the day.
Your tongue plots destruction,
    like a sharp razor, you worker of deceit.
You love evil more than good,
    and lying more than speaking what is right. Selah
You love all words that devour,
    O deceitful tongue. (Psalm 52:1-4)

Doeg loved evil and lying more than good. Upon such a genuinely wicked man, David pronounced God’s coming judgment.

But God will break you down forever;
    he will snatch and tear you from your tent;
    he will uproot you from the land of the living. Selah (v.5)

I am impressed with the parade of parallel imprecatory verbs associated with what God would do to Doeg and those like him.

• 

  Photo by Zhang Kenny on Unsplash

  Break you down: This word communicates a repeated beat down, pulling down, and breaking off as of branches from a tree, stones from a wall (2 Kings 25:10), or beams from a house. Another interesting use of this term is regarding the contamination of a house by dread disease/toxic mold (Lev. 14:45). Could we connect Doeg’s inner contagion and the rules for cleansing a house? It sounds like David might have done just that.
• Snatch you up: the picture of being seized quickly for destruction and then dropped like a fiery coal. One moment, it was business as usual, and the next, everything changed for the worse. Judgment is often postponed, but when it comes, it snatches suddenly and irrevocably.
• Tear you away: used of being plucked out of one’s house, tent, or land. While God prefers to plant and sow, he also will pluck up and tear down the wicked and treacherous (àProv. 2:22; 15:25; Deut. 28:63)
• Uproot you from: God will pull you out, roots and all. No trace will be left in “the land of the living” (àIsa 40:23-24). Where else is such imagery for the traceless demise of the wicked found? Psalm 1:4 may have been in David’s mind since a couple of verses later he refers to himself as a green olive tree (v.8), which correlates with the tree metaphor used for the righteous man in Psalm 1:3.

The folly of wickedness and shortsightedness in trusting our wealth and power instead of making God our refuge becomes evident. It is a pattern from which we should learn to go the other way. Esau despised his birthright for a bowl of soup (Gen. 25). Nabal trusted his wealth and despised David’s request (1 Sam. 25). Many kings sought worldly wealth and power instead of the peace and eternal life found in the One True God. Jesus told the story about the rich fool who built bigger barns without consulting the Lord’s counsel for his selfish indulgence instead of graciously sharing his abundance with others (Luke 12:13-21). In the early church, there was the episode with Ananias and Saphira, who made a show of giving but still held back wealth for themselves (Acts 5:1-10). This is only a small sample from an extensive list.

These things were written for our instruction… but will we learn the lesson? Will we be servants of Christ, who though shrewd as serpents are innocent as doves (Mt. 10:16), loving one another and working for the common good? Or will we be like Doeg, excusing our evil desires and shockingly brutal actions as faithful service to an unjust political or economic power? Saying, “I was just following orders,” is no longer an adequate defense. Perhaps it never was.

Photo by Clay Banks on Unsplash

Later, David’s son Solomon understood how important it was to remove the infection of wicked men from those who govern the people and not allow evil to lobby for injustice. He included it in his collection of proverbs.

Take away the dross from the silver,
    and the smith has material for a vessel;
take away the wicked from the presence of the king,
    and his throne will be established in righteousness. (Prov. 25:4-5)

Notice that not only are there parallels between dross/the wicked, and between the smith/the king, but a righteous throne is like a silver vessel, a serving tool to share with others.

Here, in the situation addressed by Psalm 52, David saw himself like the one described in Psalm 1:1-3, who does not learn the ways of the wicked or participate with sinners and scoffers in their ways and works. Again, his son Solomon would later say something similar in Prov. 24:1-2

Be not envious of evil men,
    nor desire to be with them,
for their hearts devise violence,
    and their lips talk of trouble.

Olives in Jerusalem. Photo: Greg K. Dueker

Instead of emulating wicked men, David’s delight was in the Lord, and thus could use the well-watered tree metaphor.

But I am like a green olive tree
    in the house of God.
I trust in the steadfast love of God
    forever and ever. (v.8) 

Remember, the psalms give us the vocabulary to express our feelings honestly to the Lord. This one is no different. Here, David processes his anger, outrage, and dismay at what Doeg had done. Yet, instead of taking vengeance into his own hands, he trusted God to handle the situation. He wrote with the confidence of one who has already seen it happen, though it had not. David’s early years are challenging to our culture of self-advancement and demanding our rights. David, though anointed to be king, never took the timing of the fulfillment of that anointing into his own hands.

I will thank you forever,
    because you have done it.
I will wait for your name, for it is good,
    in the presence of the godly. (v.9)

Filled with gratitude and goodness, not hate, let us wait for the Lord Jesus Christ along with the community of faith! And while we are waiting, maybe we should cooperate with the Holy Spirit as he cleans our hearts, our words, and our ways… today. 

Following Jesus when Life Hits the Fan

Four Types of Whirlwinds (Job, 2 Kings)

[This reflection is also posted on my Our Longview blog]

Photo by NOAA on Unsplash

Years ago, on a week when I had been planning to preach from the Gospel of John, I started the service with a joking reference to the phrase “sowing the wind and reaping the whirlwind” because of a small tornado that had gone through the town (Longview, WA) that week. But as I thought about it during worship, I felt led to speak topically about whirlwinds (which the weather had prompted me to dig into that week) instead. Did they still get the teaching from the Gospel of John? Yes, just not that day.

I asked the congregation if any of them had been affected by the tornado. I hadn't been in Longview when it happened, but strong swirling winds knocked down almost every tree in one neighborhood near my home in Oregon.

We so rarely experience tornados in the PNW, and all this atmospheric turbulence made me curious about how the imagery of the whirlwind is used in the Bible and if it might be instructive for us. 

After my study, I would say that there seem to be four types of whirlwinds (tornados) in the Bible, and though they are not measured on the EF (Enhanced Fujita) scale they can often be life-changing.

Have you seen any of these storms in your neighborhood?

 1.    The Whirlwind of Tragedy & Testing

As the wind picks up and the background music intensifies, let's read Job 1:8-11 together—to set the stage. Remember, Job did not know of this at the time…

And the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job, that there is none like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, who fears God and turns away from evil?” Then Satan answered the Lord and said, “Does Job fear God for no reason? Have you not put a hedge around him and his house and all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. But stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and he will curse you to your face.”

Do you remember the wonderful 1972 children’s book, Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day? If you haven’t read it, you need to do so. This was Job’s “Alexander day,” or perhaps it was Alexander who had a “Job day.”

Job 1:13-19 recounts the story of Job’s really dreadful day. The ruinous hammer blows of traumatic loss fall one after the other with no pause for Job to catch his breath, the reports punctuated only with the thrice-repeated, “While he was yet speaking….”

Photo by Nikolas Noonan on Unsplash

Now there was a day when his sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house, and there came a messenger to Job and said,

“The oxen were plowing and the donkeys feeding beside them, and the Sabeans fell upon them and took them and struck down the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you.” 

While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, “The fire of God fell from heaven and burned up the sheep and the servants and consumed them, and I alone have escaped to tell you.” 

While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, “The Chaldeans formed three groups and made a raid on the camels and took them and struck down the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you.” 

While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, “Your sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house, and behold, a great wind came across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young people, and they are dead, and I alone have escaped to tell you.”

Let’s review the losses Job suffered and then learned about at that moment.

• The Sabeans (from the south) take 1000 Oxen, and 500 Donkeys, and kill all his servants but one (“and I alone survived”).
• The “fire of God” burned up 7000 of his sheep (“and I alone survived”).
• The Chaldeans (from the north) stole 3000 camels (“and I alone survived”).
• Finally, the whirlwind (from the east) demolished the house and killed his kids. Behind the scenes, we know that it was the devil who destroyed Job’s sons and daughters to get Job to curse God.

If we have any compassion at all then after reading this we are grieving in our hearts for our dear brother Job. If we have any awareness, then reading a passage like this prompts us to ask introspective questions like, “What do we do when things fall apart?” Or “How deep are my roots when dealing with the disappointment of circumstances?”

From the Bible, we learn how Job responded, much to the devil’s chagrin.

Then Job arose and tore his robe and shaved his head and fell on the ground and worshiped. And he said, “Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked shall I return. The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.” In all this Job did not sin or charge God with wrong. (Job 1:20-22)

Later, as his suffering only increased, Job responded with agonizing honesty,

 For he crushes    me with a tempest
      and multiplies my wounds without cause;
       he will not let me get my breath,
                 but fills me with bitterness. (Job 9:17-18) 

Centuries, if not millennia, later, Paul and Silas had a pretty difficult day in Philippi and were beaten and jailed most cruelly. In Acts 16:22-34, we read how they responded despite pain, humiliation, and being chained in the smelly darkness of the inner dungeon in Philippi. In that moment of intense and unjust agony, Paul and Silas showed that the roots of their faith were attached to the Rock. Christ was their foundation in such a powerful way that they remained steady even when the prison was shaken to pieces by an earthquake. Jesus said that when we hear and obey his words, then we too are building the “house” of our lives on the rock. 

Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them
will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.
And the rain fell, and the floods came,
and the winds blew and beat on that house,
but it did not fall, because it had been founded on the rock.
And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them
will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand.
And the rain fell, and the floods came,
and the winds blew and beat against that house,
and it fell, and great was the fall of it. (Matthew 7:24-27)

In another one of Jesus’ teachings, he gave this spiritual PSA,

Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
“But watch yourselves lest your hearts be weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a trap. (Luke 21:33-34)

While none of us look forward to tragedy and testing and the mess it can make of towns and lives, we can prepare our hearts ahead of time so that tests might be passed, and tragedies will only reveal that we trust Jesus. As a result, I pray that we may be able to offer true care and comfort to those around us, and effectively transition the ministry to the next generation (2 Tim. 2:2). On that note, let me say that the second textual function of the whirlwind is one of transition.

2.    The Whirlwind of Transition (2 Kings 2)

In this world, change is the norm. There are countless transitions taking place around us all the time. Leadership change is no different. In 2 Kings 2:1 and 11, we read the narrative about one such transition. It was when Elijah was being taken up in a whirlwind as Elisha watched with dismay, for he didn’t want his mentor to leave.

v. 1 Now when the Lord was about to take Elijah up to heaven by a whirlwind, Elijah and Elisha were on their way from Gilgal.

v.11 And as they still went on and talked, behold, chariots of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.

Sweet Publishing / FreeBibleimages.org

In this narrative, there are a couple of things that I noticed. First, when faced with Elijah’s impending whirlwind departure, Elisha remained relationally committed to the very end. In this way, he was rather the Samwise Gamgee of the northern kingdom. While he was not in denial, neither would he be dissuaded, nor discouraged by anyone from keeping his repeated vow to Elijah, “As the Lord lives…I will not leave you” (v. 2, 4, 6). Second, instead of being full of himself and confident in his abilities, Elisha asked for a double portion of Elijah’s spirit (v.9) …for he knew he would need it to fill Elijah’s sandals. Third, this whirlwind began a new season of ministry for Elisha (v.11), one in which he would need to trust the Lord more than ever. Thankfully, trusting the Lord is just what we are asked to do, especially when everything around us is changing so quickly.

This brings me to the third biblical function of the whirlwind—judgment.

3.    The Whirlwind of Judgment (God)

People say stupid things… they regularly make bad arguments, they frequently fail to encourage others, and like Job’s “friends,” they occasionally misrepresent God. Times of acute disease, disaster, and destruction are no different. What is one of the first unhelpful and unkind things that religious people say when disaster strikes? They find a person or group to blame as the designated and deserving recipient of God’s righteous judgment.

Why don’t we ever learn the lesson of Job? There is no clear connection between righteousness and worldly wealth, comfort, and power.

It is important to note at this point that God’s cycle of reward and recompense is not
necessarily contained in this life. The sooner we learn this the more frustration we can be spared and the less likely we will say hurtful things to already hurting people.

Remember that comment that launched me down this metaphorical path? It is from Hosea 8:7 and was spoken against the northern kingdom of Israel

For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind.
The standing grain has no heads; it shall yield no flour;
if it were to yield, strangers would devour it.

The metaphor of a whirlwind used for the coming of God’s judgment is found at least seven times in the prophetic writings, including twice in Isaiah (66:15; 5:28). It often happens at the hands of other nations. God promised that he would use other nations to discipline Israel, but then those nations would also be judged for their sins.

These judgments described are more national than personal[1], which is appropriate since nations must be judged in this life. They are not eternal and can’t be judged in the next life. Here are several examples:

• Israel’s sin was judged by Assyria, which was then judged by Babylon
• Judah was also judged by Babylon
• Babylon was later judged by Persia, who was judged by Greece, who was judged by Rome, who was judged by Visigoths, and Vandals, who were eventually defeated by the Byzantines (Eastern Roman Empire) which would be caught between Crusaders and Ottomans…and the cycle continued for nations must be judged in this life.

In Psalm 77:1-10, there is a lament that sounds so much like Job’s lament, I am going to use it to segue into my last point. During his season of trouble, the psalmist declared the anguish of his soul to the Lord, and then in v. 10-11 he began to intentionally remember what God had done for them in the past. This faith-inspiring review culminated in a poetic description of the judgment of God on the oppressor (Egypt) and the liberation of Israel in the exodus. Once again, we encounter the whirlwind metaphor, for it is used in verse 18 to describe a theophanic storm as God’s delivering power was manifested in the Exodus, which in turn reveals something wonderful about the Lord himself.

4.    The Whirlwind of Revelation (and answered prayer)

In what is arguably the longest divine monologue in the Bible—four whole chapters (Job 38-41)—which was appropriately spoken from a whirlwind.[2] “Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind and said…” (Job 38:1 & 40:6). Is it possible that something as fearsome as a tornado can reveal something about the Lord? This moment in Job’s life was revelatory indeed. Job had been crying out for an audience with God, and now he had one. “Dress like a man I will question you, and you will make it known to me.” (Job 38:3 & 40:7)

What is the conclusion of the matter? The lesson is that we, like Job, really don’t know what we are talking about. Our ideas about God fall so far short that we cannot know him if he doesn’t reveal himself to us. And knowledge of God is too much for us to process. God reveals himself and, like Job, we are overwhelmed, and our heads begin to spin! We learn that he is God, and we are not…and that is an exceptionally good thing! And as far as his plans go, God’s end for us is far better than our beginning, even when we don’t see it yet.

I once read a quote attributed to Malcolm Muggeridge that is very fitting, “Every happening, great and small, is a parable whereby God speaks to us, and the art of life is to get the message.”

So what can we learn from our local “parable of the whirlwind”? I am sure that you might have your own list of lessons. Here are some of mine…

• Circumstances will test our faith, so our roots need to be deep, and our houses must be solidly built on the rock by hearing and obeying Jesus’ words.
• Promises can be kept even in times of transition.
• God will judge unjust nations.
• Sometimes God speaks most clearly during the storm.
• I don’t have the full picture of what God is doing.
• God is God, and we are not. [For this I am grateful]

“Since the earliest days of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, gratitude has been the defining characteristic of how the people of God abide in the loving community of the Trinity. God provides, and we, at our very best, respond with praise and thanksgiving.” (Slow Church, Smith & Pattison, 177)

The following is a short poem I wrote many years ago that seems to fit this context...

                 A Supernatural Wind

A great, vehement, tempestuous, boisterous wind,
A wind too strong
For us,
Will come
Testing, building, forcing trust,
Sifting and purifying.

Will we be wheat revealed,
Or chaff removed like so much whirling dust?

Will we even now,
Before the Supernatural Wind,
Bend,
In willing worship, a dance of joyful obedience, or
Break,
In stubborn resistance, denial? 

                     © Greg K. Dueker

Asking the Right Question

So, when we face either the literal or metaphorical whirlwinds of life, it is important to ask the right question. Instead of immediately whining with the overused “Why me?” lament, or its cousin, “Why them?” it is more productive to ask the Lord to help you discern what type of whirlwind you are facing. Whether this occurrence or season is a whirlwind of tragedy and testing, of transition, divine judgment (of systems), or revelation. It makes a difference in our ability to respond appropriately. Also, applying Joseph’s hard-bought wisdom (Gen. 50:20-21) brings us a helpful kingdom perspective.

Prayer

Precious Father, Gracious Lord, Life-giving Spirit, please let us hear your voice calling our hearts back to you, and may we respond to your amazing love with love. May our mouths be filled with gratitude, even in storms and droughts that you use to strengthen us and to drive our roots deep. And may our hands and feet be blessed to participate in your mission this week!

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[1] Prov. 1:27 is the closest to something personal—it is descriptive of Wisdom’s warning.

[2] This was interrupted only by Job’s three-verse answer in 40:3-5.